PAKISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN: STRATEGIC CHALLENGES AND POLICY PATHWAYS IN A POST-TALIBAN ERA

Abstract

This study explores the complex relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan, focusing on the strategic challenges and policy options available to Pakistan following the Taliban's resurgence in August 2021. Given the historical tensions surrounding the Durand Line, Pakistan’s pursuit of “strategic depth,” and the impact of international influences, Pakistan has historically maintained an active engagement in Afghan affairs. With the Taliban now in power, Pakistan faces heightened security concerns, particularly with the resurgence of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), as well as economic strains from the influx of Afghan refugees. The study analyzes Pakistan's multi-faceted response, which includes diplomatic engagement with the Taliban, advocacy for humanitarian support, and bolstering of regional alliances. Key findings indicate that Pakistan’s policy towards Afghanistan must balance ideological support and pragmatic security needs, particularly in countering cross-border terrorism and fostering economic stability. This study contributes valuable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation, regional alliances, and internal security measures in managing Pakistan-Afghanistan relations. The analysis offers policy recommendations to enhance stability and long-term peace in South Asia through a balanced approach that prioritizes both national security and humanitarian considerations.

Keywords: Pakistan, Afghanistan, US, TTP, Afghan Taliban, Militancy