NAVIGATING THE GEOPOLITICAL LANDSCAPE: IMPACT OF US-CHINA CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES ON PAKISTAN'S ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY TRAJECTORY

Abstract

The 21st century has witnessed a profound interplay between geopolitics and climate change, with the United States and China emerging as key players. As the largest carbon emitters and leading global economies, their policies not only shape the international climate agenda but also impact the environmental sustainability of developing nations like Pakistan. This study investigates the influence of US-China climate change policies on Pakistan’s sustainable development trajectory through a geopolitical lens. By examining the strategic priorities and policy frameworks of both nations, the research highlights how their cooperative or competitive approaches affect global climate governance and, in turn, create ripple effects for vulnerable countries. Pakistan faces unique challenges, including rising temperatures, recurring natural disasters, and environmental degradation, which are compounded by limited resources and policy gaps. The research explores how shifts in US-China climate diplomacy—whether through global climate agreements, carbon reduction targets, or financial commitments—impact Pakistan's ability to align with international sustainability standards. Furthermore, it evaluates how Pakistan can leverage these geopolitical dynamics to secure green financing, adopt clean energy technologies, and strengthen resilience against climate change. This study underscores the critical need for Pakistan to navigate the complex geopolitical landscape of US-China relations, balancing national priorities with global environmental commitments. It calls for proactive policy responses that integrate environmental sustainability into national security and economic development strategies.

Keywords: Geopolitics, Climate Change, US-China Policies, Environmental Sustainability, Pakistan